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So 64 characters of Base64 can be written as:Įach character is represented in 6 bits. Note: There is also a 65th character ( =), which serves a special meaning and it's called a padding character.Īs usual, when it comes to computers, numbers are represented in powers of 2. In Base64, as the name suggests, there are 64 characters used to encode binary data. While it does "obscure" the data to a degree, it's not a secure format by any means. What Base64 isn't is an encryption algorithm. It's very useful for storing image/audio information in Strings of information. It's represented as printable ASCII characters where each Base64 character contains 6 bits of binary information. What is Base64?īase64 is a binary-to-text encoding scheme. Decoding is the reverse process of encoding - turning the encoded data back to the original format.Įncoding is all around us and computers heavily rely on different encoding formats to deliver and transfer information.įrom the latest cat image in your feed to the voice message you listened to over a messaging app - all of these were encoded on the sender-side, delivered to you, and decoded on the recipient-side.Įncoding makes sure that data remains intact and efficient for transport. process of converting data by applying some techniques/rules into a new format is called encoding. String mimeEncodedStr = Base64.getMimeEncoder().encodeToString(bytes) We can use the getMimeEncoder() and the encodeToString() methods for the encoding. Note that no line separator is present at the end of the encoded string. In the encoded output, each line contains a maximum of 76 characters.Įach line ends with a carriage return( \r) followed by a linefeed( \n) as the line separator. MIME stands for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension, and the Base64 class uses the Base64 Alphabet for its encoding and decoding operations. ("Decoded URL: " + decodedUrl) Įncoded URL: aHR0cHM6Ly9nby5qYXZhLz9pbnRjbXA9Z29qYXZhLWJhbm5lci1qYXZhLWNvbQ=ĭecoded URL: Base64 MIME Encoding and Decoding String decodedUrl = new String(decodedUrlBytes) ("Encoded URL: " + encodedUrl) īyte decodedUrlBytes = Base64.getUrlDecoder().decode(encodedUrl) String encodedUrl = Base64.getUrlEncoder().encodeToString(urlToEncode.getBytes()) Again, we can use the decode() method with this decoder. Similarly, we have a getUrlDecoder() method that returns a URL decoder. Then, we can use the encodeToString() method as we did in the previous section. We can use the getUrlEncoder() method to obtain a Base64 URL encoder. String encodedStr = Base64.getEncoder().withoutPadding().encodeToString(bytesToEncode) //encoding without paddingīase64 class handles URL encoding and decoding by using the URL and Filename safe Base64 Alphabet.
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If we don't want this padding, we can use the withoutPadding() method on the encoder. String encodedStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytesToEncode) //Encoding with padding We can see the two equals sign(=) at the end of the encoded string. The encoding performed in the previous section adds additional padding character( =) if the encoded string's length is not a multiple of three. ("Decoded String: " + decodedStr) ĭecoded String: Hello World Base64 Encoding Without Padding String decodedStr = new String(decodedByteArr) ("Encoded String: " + encodedStr) īyte decodedByteArr = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encodedStr) It will take an encoded string as input and returns the decoded string. Then, we will use the decode() method of the decoder. To decode an encoded string, we will use Base64.Decoder returned by the getDecoder() method. String encodedStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytesToEncode) It takes a byte array as input and returns an encoded string.īyte bytesToEncode = strToEncode.getBytes() Next, we will use the encodeToString() method. We will use the getEncoder() method that returns a simple Base64.Encoder.Īs discussed, this encoder uses the Basic type base64 encoding scheme. It will not add any line separators to the encoded string. The Basic encoder uses the Base64 Alphabet for encoding and decoding. In this tutorial, we will learn Base64 encoding and decoding using the 64 class and the Apache Commons library.
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This class supports three types of Base64 encoding - Basic, URL, and Filename Safe, and MIME. The Base64 class is part of java.util class and provides static methods for Base64 encoding and decoding scheme.